Okufingqiwe: Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sejubane nemodularity, ukuzenzela kwesistimu yerobhothi kuba ngokoqobo.Kuleli phepha uhlelo lwamarobhothi okuthola izithiyo luchazwe ngezinjongo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.Izinzwa ze-ultrasonic andrinfrared zenziwa zibe ngokoqobo ukuze zihlukanise izithiyo endleleni yerobhothi ngokudlulisela izimpawu kusilawuli se-anrinterfaced micro.Isilawuli esincane siphambukisa irobhothi ukuze lihambise enye indlela ngokugqugquzela izinjini ukuze ziqhelelane nesithiyo esihlukile.Ukuhlolwa kombukiso kohlaka kukhombisa ukunemba okungamaphesenti angama-85 kanye namathuba angu-0,15 okuphoxeka umuntu ngamunye.Ngokucabangela yonke into, isifunda sokuthola izithiyo senziwa ngokoqobo kusetshenziswa izinzwa ze-infrared ne-ultrasonic ezazifakwe kuphaneli.
1.Isingeniso
Uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nomklamo onezici eziningi zamarobhothi aguquguqukayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo sakha nsuku zonke.Baqhubekela phambili bethuthukela kuzilungiselelo zangempela ku-diflerentlfields, ngokwesibonelo, ezempi, izinkundla zomtholampilo, ukuhlolwa komkhathi, nokugcinwa kwendlu okujwayelekile .Ukuthuthukiswa kuyisici esibalulekile samarobhothi aguquguqukayo ekugwemeni izithiyo kanye nendlela yokuqinisekisa kuthonya kakhulu indlela abantu abasabela ngayo futhi babone isakhiwo esizimele.Izinzwa ze-PC nezinzwa zobubanzi zingamasistimu obufakazi abonakalayo be-athikili asetshenziswa ku-ID yamarobhothi ahlukahlukene.Indlela yokuhlola yokuhlukanisa i-PC iqine kakhulu futhi iyeqisa kunesu lezinzwa zobubanzi.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ze-oilradar, infrared (IR) andrultrasonic ukuze kusetshenziswe isistimu yokuqaphela izithiyo kuqale ngesikhathi esinembile njengohlelo lokuqaphela izithiyo.1980's.Kungakhathalekile ukuthi, ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwale ntuthuko kwacatshangwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-radar yiyona ndlela efaneleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa njengoba ezinye izindlela ezimbili zokuthuthukisa zazibekwe emikhawulweni yemvelo, isibonelo, isiphepho, iqhwa, usuku lweholide kanye nomhlaba. .Indlela yedivayisi yokulinganisa ibiwukuthuthuka okunengqondo ngokwemali ngakunye kulokhu nokuthi yini ezobuya [3].Izinzwa azibonakali zikhawulelwe ebufakazini obubonakalayo besithiyo.Izinzwa ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukuqeda izici ezihlukahlukene zokumelwa kwezitshalo ezitshalweni, okuvumela irobhothi elizilawulayo ukuthi linikeze umanyolo ofanele ngendlela ekahle kakhulu, okubonisa izitshalo ezahlukene njengoba kuchazwe
Kukhona okuhlukile kwe-IOT ekulimeni okuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa kolwazi oluqhubekayo mayelana nesimo sezulu samanje oluhlanganisa ukuhlasela kwenkathazo, ukukhwabanisa, izinga lokushisa, imvula nokunye.Ngaleso sikhathi ulwazi oluqoqwayo lungasetshenziswa ukulungisa izindlela zokulima futhi lungafundiswa ekukhetheni ukubeka inani nekhwalithi ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi nokusaphaza, futhi kunciphise imisebenzi okulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nesivuno.Okwemodeli, abafuyi njengamanje bangahlola ukumanzi kwenhlabathi kanye nezinga lokushisa lepulazi endaweni ekude futhi basebenzise imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze kutshalwe ngokunembayo .
2.Indlela yokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa
Inqubo ehlolisiswe kuleli phepha yenza ngalezi zigaba ezilandelayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi olutholiwe lunakekelwa amabhodi amabili e-Arduino agcine elungiswe uhlelo lwe-Arduino [8].Umdwebo webhulokhi wesistimu uboniswa kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 1:Vimba umdwebo wesistimu
Ukuthuthuka kohlaka kudinga i-Arduino UNO yokuphatha ulwazi lwenzwa (inzwa ye-Echo ultrasonic) kanye nokuhlaba umkhosi i-actuator (izinjini ze-DC) ukuze iqhubekisele phambili.Imojula ye-Bluetooth iyadingeka ekuxhumaneni nohlaka nezingxenye zalo.Lonke uhlaka luhambisana nebhodi lesinkwa.Okucashile kwalawa mathuluzi kunikezwe ngezansi:
2.1Inzwa ye-Ultrasonic
Umfanekiso 2. Kukhona inzwa ye-ultrasonic ezungeze imoto esetshenziselwa ukubona noma yisiphi isithiyo.Inzwa ye-ultrasonic idlulisa amaza omsindo futhi ibonise umsindo entweni.Ephuzwini lapho into iyisiqephu samaza e-ultrasonic, ukubonakala kwamandla kwenzeka kufika ku-180 degrees.Esimeni lapho isithiyo siseduze nesiqephu amandla aboniswa emuva ngaphambi kwesikhathi eside.Esimeni lapho into ikude, ngaleso sikhathi uphawu olubonisiwe luzothatha isikhathi esithile esilinganiselwe ukufika kumamukeli.
Umfanekiso 2 Inzwa ye-Ultrasonic
2.2Ibhodi le-Arduino
I-Arduino iHlanganisa ekunikezeni izinsimbi ezivulekile zokuhlinzeka ngobuhlengikazi kanye nezinhlelo ezizodala umthengi ukuze azame ukwenza umsebenzi onamandla kuyo.I-Arduino ingaba i-microcontroller.Lawa magajethi e-microcontroller asiza ekulawuleni nasekulawuleni ama-athikili ngaphakathi kwezimo ezingaguquki futhi, isimo sezulu.Lawa mashidi afinyeleleka kancane emakethe.Kukhona intuthuko ehlukahlukene eyenziwe kuyo futhi, namanje isaqhubeka .Ibhodi ye-Arduino ikhonjiswe kumfanekiso ongezansi wesi-3.
Umfanekiso 3:Ibhodi le-Arduino
2.3DC Motors
Emotweni evamile ye-DC, kukhona odonsa abangapheli ngaphandle futhi, i-armature ephendukayo ngaphakathi.Khona kanye lapho ufaka amandla kulo kazibuthe kagesi, yenza inkambu ekhangayo ku-armature eheha futhi iphikise omazibuthe ku-stator.Ngakho-ke, i-armature iphenduka ngama-degree angu-180.Kuvele kumfanekiso ongezansi 4.
Umfanekiso 4:DC Motor
3. Imiphumela Nezingxoxo
Lesi sakhiwo esihlongozwayo sihlanganisa igiya elifana ne-Arduino UNO, into ekwazi ukuzwa engabekezeleleki, ibhodi lesinkwa, amasiginali okubona izithiyo nokukhanyisa umthengi maqondana nesithiyo, ama-LED abomvu, ama-Switch, isixhumi esibonakalayo seJumper, ibhange lamandla, izinti zekhanda zabesilisa nabesifazane, noma yiziphi. izinto ezihlukahlukene nezitikha zokwenza izinto ezigqokwa abathengi njengebhendi yezemidlalo.Izintambo ze-contraption zenziwa kokuthi Associate in Nursing after-way.I-crystal rectifier ground ringer ixhunywe ku-Arduino GND.I-+ ve ixhunywe kuphinikhodi 5 ye-Arduino ye-LED kanye nomlenze omaphakathi weswishi.I-Buzzer ixhunywe emlenzeni ojwayelekile wokushintsha.
Ngasekupheleni, ngemva kokuba konke ukusebenzisana sekwenziwe ebhodini le-Arduino hambisa ikhodi ebhodini le-Arduino futhi uphoqelele amamojula ahlukene usebenzisa ibhange lamandla noma amandla ngokukhululekile.Umbono oseceleni wemodeli ehleliwe uboniswa ngaphansi komfanekiso 5.
Umfanekiso 5:Ukubuka okuseceleni kwemodeli eklanyelwe Ukutholwa Kwezithiyo
Isici se-ultrasonic sensing lapha sisetshenziswa njengocingo lwesiFulentshi.Amagagasi e-ultrasonic athunyelwa yi-transmitter uma izinto sezibonwa.indawo ngayinye yesithumeli nendawo yomhlomuli ngaphakathi kwesici se-ultrasonic sensing.sithambekele ekutholeni ubude besikhathi phakathi kophawu olunikeziwe nolutholiwe.Iphasela eliphakathi kwenkinga nento yokuzwa lixazululwa kusetshenziswa lokhu.Ngemva nje kokuthi sikhulise ukuhlukana phakathi kwe-athikili futhi ngenxa yalokho isici sokuzwa umphetho womcabango ungancipha.isici sezinzwa sinokuqiniswa kwamadigri angamashumi ayisithupha.Uhlaka lokugcina lwamarobhothi luvela ngaphansi komfanekiso wesi-6.
Umfanekiso 6:Uhlaka Oluqediwe Irobhothi phambi kokubukwa
Uhlaka oludaliwe lwazanywa ngokubeka isithiyo ekuhlukaneni okuhlukene endleleni yalo.Ukusabela kwezinzwa kwahlaziywa ngokwehlukana, njengoba zazibekwe ocezwini oluhlukahlukene lwerobhothi elizibusayo.
4. Isiphetho
Uhlaka lokutholwa kanye nokugwema Lohlelo oluzenzakalelayo lwe-automaton.Amasethi ama-2 wezinzwa ezi-heterogonous asetshenziselwa ukuvuma izithiyo endleleni ye-automaton ephathekayo.izinga leqiniso kanye namathuba amancane okudumazeka kwakungenakuzuzwa.Ukuhlola ohlakeni lwamahhala lubonisa ukuthi luhlonyiselwe ukugwema izithiyo, ikhono lokuhlala kude nokuphahlazeka nokushintsha indawo yalo.Ngokusobala, ngaleli lungiselelo lula oluphawuleka ngokwengeziwe lungangezwa kulokhu kuhloswe ukwenza imikhawulo ehlukahlukene ngokungenela okucishe kufinyelele kuziro komuntu ngamunye.Ekugcineni, kusetshenziswa i-IR, irobhothi lalifanele ukulawulwa kude.ozuzayo kanye nomlawuli okude.Lesi senzo sizoba usizo esimweni sezulu esingenabungane, ezingxenyeni zokuvikela kanye nezokuphepha zesizwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-21-2022